Catalysts play a very important role in the chemical industry. They are used in processes such as the processing of fuels (oil, gas, and coal), the treatment of wastewater and industrial waste gases, and so on. Heterogeneous catalysts are attracting more attention compared to homogeneous catalysts because they provide greater selectivity and better yields. Studying of new catalytic materials or optimization of existing catalytic systems is essential for improvement of catalystefficiency resulting in higher yields and product purity. Currently, studies are more focused on nanostructured catalysts with improved physicochemical properties. Nanoscale catalysts have a high specific surface area and surface energy, which ultimately leads to high catalytic activity. Nanocatalysts improve reaction selectivity by allowing reactions to be carried out at a lower temperature, reducing the occurrence of side reactions, increasing recycling rates, and restoring energy consumption. Therefore, they are widely used in green chemistry, environmental sanitation, efficient biomassconversion, renewable energy development, and other fields of interest. The author of the paper considers the prospects for the production and catalytic application of nanomaterials in the chemistry of organic synthesis, discusses the prospects for their development, including the results of the author’s own research, in particular, the use of nanosized aluminum oxide particles as a catalytic system with a number of metal oxides in the reaction of dehydration of alcohols into thecorresponding hydrocarbons.
